delve/pkg/proc/breakpoints.go

package proc

import (
	"debug/dwarf"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/constant"
	"go/parser"
	"go/token"
	"reflect"

	"github.com/go-delve/delve/pkg/dwarf/op"
	"github.com/go-delve/delve/pkg/dwarf/reader"
	"github.com/go-delve/delve/pkg/goversion"
	"github.com/go-delve/delve/pkg/proc/internal/ebpf"
)

const (
	// UnrecoveredPanic is the name given to the unrecovered panic breakpoint.
	UnrecoveredPanic = "unrecovered-panic"

	// FatalThrow is the name given to the breakpoint triggered when the target
	// process dies because of a fatal runtime error.
	FatalThrow = "runtime-fatal-throw"

	unrecoveredPanicID = -1
	fatalThrowID       = -2
)

// Breakpoint represents a physical breakpoint. Stores information on the break
// point including the byte of data that originally was stored at that
// address.
type Breakpoint struct {
	// File & line information for printing.
	FunctionName string
	File         string
	Line         int

	Addr         uint64 // Address breakpoint is set for.
	OriginalData []byte // If software breakpoint, the data we replace with breakpoint instruction.
	Name         string // User defined name of the breakpoint
	LogicalID    int    // ID of the logical breakpoint that owns this physical breakpoint

	WatchExpr    string
	WatchType    WatchType
	HWBreakIndex uint8 // hardware breakpoint index

	// Breaklets is the list of overlapping breakpoints on this physical breakpoint.
	// There can be at most one UserBreakpoint in this list but multiple internal breakpoints are allowed.
	Breaklets []*Breaklet

	// Breakpoint information
	Tracepoint  bool // Tracepoint flag
	TraceReturn bool
	Goroutine   bool     // Retrieve goroutine information
	Stacktrace  int      // Number of stack frames to retrieve
	Variables   []string // Variables to evaluate
	LoadArgs    *LoadConfig
	LoadLocals  *LoadConfig

	// ReturnInfo describes how to collect return variables when this
	// breakpoint is hit as a return breakpoint.
	returnInfo *returnBreakpointInfo
}

// Breaklet represents one of multiple breakpoints that can overlap on a
// single physical breakpoint.
type Breaklet struct {
	// Kind describes whether this is a stepping breakpoint (for next'ing or
	// stepping).
	Kind BreakpointKind

	// Cond: if not nil the breakpoint will be triggered only if evaluating Cond returns true
	Cond ast.Expr

	HitCount      map[int]uint64 // Number of times a breakpoint has been reached in a certain goroutine
	TotalHitCount uint64         // Number of times a breakpoint has been reached

	// DeferReturns: when kind == NextDeferBreakpoint this breakpoint
	// will also check if the caller is runtime.gopanic or if the return
	// address is in the DeferReturns array.
	// Next uses NextDeferBreakpoints for the breakpoint it sets on the
	// deferred function, DeferReturns is populated with the
	// addresses of calls to runtime.deferreturn in the current
	// function. This ensures that the breakpoint on the deferred
	// function only triggers on panic or on the defer call to
	// the function, not when the function is called directly
	DeferReturns []uint64

	// HitCond: if not nil the breakpoint will be triggered only if the evaluated HitCond returns
	// true with the TotalHitCount.
	HitCond *struct {
		Op  token.Token
		Val int
	}
}

// BreakpointKind determines the behavior of delve when the
// breakpoint is reached.
type BreakpointKind uint16

const (
	// UserBreakpoint is a user set breakpoint
	UserBreakpoint BreakpointKind = (1 << iota)
	// NextBreakpoint is a breakpoint set by Next, Continue
	// will stop on it and delete it
	NextBreakpoint
	// NextDeferBreakpoint is a breakpoint set by Next on the
	// first deferred function. In addition to checking their condition
	// breakpoints of this kind will also check that the function has been
	// called by runtime.gopanic or through runtime.deferreturn.
	NextDeferBreakpoint
	// StepBreakpoint is a breakpoint set by Step on a CALL instruction,
	// Continue will set a new breakpoint (of NextBreakpoint kind) on the
	// destination of CALL, delete this breakpoint and then continue again
	StepBreakpoint

	steppingMask = NextBreakpoint | NextDeferBreakpoint | StepBreakpoint
)

// WatchType is the watchpoint type
type WatchType uint8

const (
	WatchRead WatchType = 1 << iota
	WatchWrite
)

// Read returns true if the hardware breakpoint should trigger on memory reads.
func (wtype WatchType) Read() bool {
	return wtype&WatchRead != 0
}

// Write returns true if the hardware breakpoint should trigger on memory writes.
func (wtype WatchType) Write() bool {
	return wtype&WatchWrite != 0
}

// Size returns the size in bytes of the hardware breakpoint.
func (wtype WatchType) Size() int {
	return int(wtype >> 4)
}

// withSize returns a new HWBreakType with the size set to the specified value
func (wtype WatchType) withSize(sz uint8) WatchType {
	return WatchType((sz << 4) | uint8(wtype&0xf))
}

var ErrHWBreakUnsupported = errors.New("hardware breakpoints not implemented")

func (bp *Breakpoint) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("Breakpoint %d at %#v %s:%d", bp.LogicalID, bp.Addr, bp.File, bp.Line)
}

// BreakpointExistsError is returned when trying to set a breakpoint at
// an address that already has a breakpoint set for it.
type BreakpointExistsError struct {
	File string
	Line int
	Addr uint64
}

func (bpe BreakpointExistsError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("Breakpoint exists at %s:%d at %x", bpe.File, bpe.Line, bpe.Addr)
}

// InvalidAddressError represents the result of
// attempting to set a breakpoint at an invalid address.
type InvalidAddressError struct {
	Address uint64
}

func (iae InvalidAddressError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("Invalid address %#v\n", iae.Address)
}

type returnBreakpointInfo struct {
	retFrameCond ast.Expr
	fn           *Function
	frameOffset  int64
	spOffset     int64
}

// CheckCondition evaluates bp's condition on thread.
func (bp *Breakpoint) checkCondition(tgt *Target, thread Thread, bpstate *BreakpointState) {
	*bpstate = BreakpointState{Breakpoint: bp, Active: false, Stepping: false, SteppingInto: false, CondError: nil}
	for _, breaklet := range bp.Breaklets {
		bpstate.checkCond(tgt, breaklet, thread)
	}
}

func (bpstate *BreakpointState) checkCond(tgt *Target, breaklet *Breaklet, thread Thread) {
	var condErr error
	active := true
	if breaklet.Cond != nil {
		active, condErr = evalBreakpointCondition(tgt, thread, breaklet.Cond)
	}

	if condErr != nil && bpstate.CondError == nil {
		bpstate.CondError = condErr
	}
	if !active {
		return
	}

	switch breaklet.Kind {
	case UserBreakpoint:
		if g, err := GetG(thread); err == nil {
			breaklet.HitCount[g.ID]++
		}
		breaklet.TotalHitCount++
		active = checkHitCond(breaklet)

	case StepBreakpoint, NextBreakpoint, NextDeferBreakpoint:
		nextDeferOk := true
		if breaklet.Kind&NextDeferBreakpoint != 0 {
			var err error
			frames, err := ThreadStacktrace(thread, 2)
			if err == nil {
				nextDeferOk, _ = isPanicCall(frames)
				if !nextDeferOk {
					nextDeferOk, _ = isDeferReturnCall(frames, breaklet.DeferReturns)
				}
			}
		}
		active = active && nextDeferOk
		if active {
			bpstate.Stepping = true
			if breaklet.Kind == StepBreakpoint {
				bpstate.SteppingInto = true
			}
		}

	default:
		bpstate.CondError = fmt.Errorf("internal error unknown breakpoint kind %v", breaklet.Kind)
	}

	if active {
		bpstate.Active = true
	}
}

// checkHitCond evaluates bp's hit condition on thread.
func checkHitCond(breaklet *Breaklet) bool {
	if breaklet.HitCond == nil {
		return true
	}
	// Evaluate the breakpoint condition.
	switch breaklet.HitCond.Op {
	case token.EQL:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount) == breaklet.HitCond.Val
	case token.NEQ:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount) != breaklet.HitCond.Val
	case token.GTR:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount) > breaklet.HitCond.Val
	case token.LSS:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount) < breaklet.HitCond.Val
	case token.GEQ:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount) >= breaklet.HitCond.Val
	case token.LEQ:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount) <= breaklet.HitCond.Val
	case token.REM:
		return int(breaklet.TotalHitCount)%breaklet.HitCond.Val == 0
	}
	return false
}

func isPanicCall(frames []Stackframe) (bool, int) {
	// In Go prior to 1.17 the call stack for a panic is:
	//  0. deferred function call
	//  1. runtime.callN
	//  2. runtime.gopanic
	// in Go after 1.17 it is either:
	//  0. deferred function call
	//  1. deferred call wrapper
	//  2. runtime.gopanic
	// or:
	//  0. deferred function call
	//  1. runtime.gopanic
	if len(frames) >= 3 && frames[2].Current.Fn != nil && frames[2].Current.Fn.Name == "runtime.gopanic" {
		return true, 2
	}
	if len(frames) >= 2 && frames[1].Current.Fn != nil && frames[1].Current.Fn.Name == "runtime.gopanic" {
		return true, 1
	}
	return false, 0
}

func isDeferReturnCall(frames []Stackframe, deferReturns []uint64) (bool, uint64) {
	if len(frames) >= 1 {
		for _, pc := range deferReturns {
			if frames[0].Ret == pc {
				return true, pc
			}
		}
	}
	return false, 0
}

// IsStepping returns true if bp is an stepping breakpoint.
// User-set breakpoints can overlap with stepping breakpoints, in that case
// both IsUser and IsStepping will be true.
func (bp *Breakpoint) IsStepping() bool {
	for _, breaklet := range bp.Breaklets {
		if breaklet.Kind&steppingMask != 0 {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// IsUser returns true if bp is a user-set breakpoint.
// User-set breakpoints can overlap with stepping breakpoints, in that case
// both IsUser and IsStepping will be true.
func (bp *Breakpoint) IsUser() bool {
	for _, breaklet := range bp.Breaklets {
		if breaklet.Kind == UserBreakpoint {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// UserBreaklet returns the user breaklet for this breakpoint, or nil if
// none exist.
func (bp *Breakpoint) UserBreaklet() *Breaklet {
	for _, breaklet := range bp.Breaklets {
		if breaklet.Kind == UserBreakpoint {
			return breaklet
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func evalBreakpointCondition(tgt *Target, thread Thread, cond ast.Expr) (bool, error) {
	if cond == nil {
		return true, nil
	}
	scope, err := GoroutineScope(tgt, thread)
	if err != nil {
		scope, err = ThreadScope(tgt, thread)
		if err != nil {
			return true, err
		}
	}
	v, err := scope.evalAST(cond)
	if err != nil {
		return true, fmt.Errorf("error evaluating expression: %v", err)
	}
	if v.Kind != reflect.Bool {
		return true, errors.New("condition expression not boolean")
	}
	v.loadValue(loadFullValue)
	if v.Unreadable != nil {
		return true, fmt.Errorf("condition expression unreadable: %v", v.Unreadable)
	}
	return constant.BoolVal(v.Value), nil
}

// NoBreakpointError is returned when trying to
// clear a breakpoint that does not exist.
type NoBreakpointError struct {
	Addr uint64
}

func (nbp NoBreakpointError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("no breakpoint at %#v", nbp.Addr)
}

// BreakpointMap represents an (address, breakpoint) map.
type BreakpointMap struct {
	M map[uint64]*Breakpoint

	breakpointIDCounter         int
	internalBreakpointIDCounter int
}

// NewBreakpointMap creates a new BreakpointMap.
func NewBreakpointMap() BreakpointMap {
	return BreakpointMap{
		M: make(map[uint64]*Breakpoint),
	}
}

// SetBreakpoint sets a breakpoint at addr, and stores it in the process wide
// break point table.
func (t *Target) SetBreakpoint(addr uint64, kind BreakpointKind, cond ast.Expr) (*Breakpoint, error) {
	return t.setBreakpointInternal(addr, kind, 0, cond)
}

func (t *Target) SetEBPFTracepoint(fnName string) error {
	if !t.proc.SupportsBPF() {
		return errors.New("eBPF is not supported")
	}
	var args []ebpf.UProbeArgMap
	fn, ok := t.BinInfo().LookupFunc[fnName]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not find function %s", fnName)
	}
	dwarfTree, err := fn.cu.image.getDwarfTree(fn.offset)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	variablesFlags := reader.VariablesOnlyVisible
	if t.BinInfo().Producer() != "" && goversion.ProducerAfterOrEqual(t.BinInfo().Producer(), 1, 15) {
		variablesFlags |= reader.VariablesTrustDeclLine
	}
	_, l, _ := t.BinInfo().PCToLine(fn.Entry)

	varEntries := reader.Variables(dwarfTree, fn.Entry, l, variablesFlags)
	for _, entry := range varEntries {
		isret, _ := entry.Val(dwarf.AttrVarParam).(bool)
		if isret {
			continue
		}
		_, dt, err := readVarEntry(entry.Tree, fn.cu.image)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		offset, pieces, _, err := t.BinInfo().Location(entry, dwarf.AttrLocation, fn.Entry, op.DwarfRegisters{}, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		paramPieces := make([]int, 0, len(pieces))
		for _, piece := range pieces {
			if piece.Kind == op.RegPiece {
				paramPieces = append(paramPieces, int(piece.Val))
			}
		}
		offset += int64(t.BinInfo().Arch.PtrSize())
		args = append(args, ebpf.UProbeArgMap{Offset: offset, Size: dt.Size(), Kind: dt.Common().ReflectKind, Pieces: paramPieces, InReg: len(pieces) > 0})
	}
	t.proc.SetUProbe(fnName, args)
	return nil
}

// SetWatchpoint sets a data breakpoint at addr and stores it in the
// process wide break point table.
func (t *Target) SetWatchpoint(scope *EvalScope, expr string, wtype WatchType, cond ast.Expr) (*Breakpoint, error) {
	if (wtype&WatchWrite == 0) && (wtype&WatchRead == 0) {
		return nil, errors.New("at least one of read and write must be set for watchpoint")
	}

	n, err := parser.ParseExpr(expr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	xv, err := scope.evalAST(n)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if xv.Addr == 0 || xv.Flags&VariableFakeAddress != 0 || xv.DwarfType == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can not watch %q", expr)
	}
	if xv.Unreadable != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expression %q is unreadable: %v", expr, xv.Unreadable)
	}
	if xv.Kind == reflect.UnsafePointer || xv.Kind == reflect.Invalid {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can not watch variable of type %s", xv.Kind.String())
	}
	sz := xv.DwarfType.Size()
	if sz <= 0 || sz > int64(t.BinInfo().Arch.PtrSize()) {
		//TODO(aarzilli): it is reasonable to expect to be able to watch string
		//and interface variables and we could support it by watching certain
		//member fields here.
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can not watch variable of type %s", xv.DwarfType.String())
	}
	if xv.Addr >= scope.g.stack.lo && xv.Addr < scope.g.stack.hi {
		//TODO(aarzilli): support watching stack variables
		return nil, errors.New("can not watch stack allocated variable")
	}

	bp, err := t.setBreakpointInternal(xv.Addr, UserBreakpoint, wtype.withSize(uint8(sz)), cond)
	if bp != nil {
		bp.WatchExpr = expr
	}
	return bp, err
}

func (t *Target) setBreakpointInternal(addr uint64, kind BreakpointKind, wtype WatchType, cond ast.Expr) (*Breakpoint, error) {
	if valid, err := t.Valid(); !valid {
		return nil, err
	}
	bpmap := t.Breakpoints()
	newBreaklet := &Breaklet{Kind: kind, Cond: cond}
	if kind == UserBreakpoint {
		newBreaklet.HitCount = map[int]uint64{}
	}
	if bp, ok := bpmap.M[addr]; ok {
		if !bp.canOverlap(kind) {
			return bp, BreakpointExistsError{bp.File, bp.Line, bp.Addr}
		}
		bp.Breaklets = append(bp.Breaklets, newBreaklet)
		return bp, nil
	}

	f, l, fn := t.BinInfo().PCToLine(uint64(addr))

	fnName := ""
	if fn != nil {
		fnName = fn.Name
	}

	hwidx := uint8(0)
	if wtype != 0 {
		m := make(map[uint8]bool)
		for _, bp := range bpmap.M {
			if bp.WatchType != 0 {
				m[bp.HWBreakIndex] = true
			}
		}
		for hwidx = 0; true; hwidx++ {
			if !m[hwidx] {
				break
			}
		}
	}

	newBreakpoint := &Breakpoint{
		FunctionName: fnName,
		WatchType:    wtype,
		HWBreakIndex: hwidx,
		File:         f,
		Line:         l,
		Addr:         addr,
	}

	err := t.proc.WriteBreakpoint(newBreakpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if kind != UserBreakpoint {
		bpmap.internalBreakpointIDCounter++
		newBreakpoint.LogicalID = bpmap.internalBreakpointIDCounter
	} else {
		bpmap.breakpointIDCounter++
		newBreakpoint.LogicalID = bpmap.breakpointIDCounter
	}

	newBreakpoint.Breaklets = append(newBreakpoint.Breaklets, newBreaklet)

	bpmap.M[addr] = newBreakpoint

	return newBreakpoint, nil
}

// SetBreakpointWithID creates a breakpoint at addr, with the specified logical ID.
func (t *Target) SetBreakpointWithID(id int, addr uint64) (*Breakpoint, error) {
	bpmap := t.Breakpoints()
	bp, err := t.SetBreakpoint(addr, UserBreakpoint, nil)
	if err == nil {
		bp.LogicalID = id
		bpmap.breakpointIDCounter--
	}
	return bp, err
}

// canOverlap returns true if a breakpoint of kind can be overlapped to the
// already existing breaklets in bp.
// At most one user breakpoint can be set but multiple internal breakpoints are allowed.
// All other internal breakpoints are allowed to overlap freely.
func (bp *Breakpoint) canOverlap(kind BreakpointKind) bool {
	if kind == UserBreakpoint {
		return !bp.IsUser()
	}
	return true
}

// ClearBreakpoint clears the breakpoint at addr.
func (t *Target) ClearBreakpoint(addr uint64) (*Breakpoint, error) {
	if valid, err := t.Valid(); !valid {
		return nil, err
	}
	bp, ok := t.Breakpoints().M[addr]
	if !ok {
		return nil, NoBreakpointError{Addr: addr}
	}

	for i := range bp.Breaklets {
		if bp.Breaklets[i].Kind == UserBreakpoint {
			bp.Breaklets[i] = nil
		}
	}

	_, err := t.finishClearBreakpoint(bp)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return bp, nil
}

// ClearInternalBreakpoints removes all stepping breakpoints from the map,
// calling clearBreakpoint on each one.
func (t *Target) ClearSteppingBreakpoints() error {
	bpmap := t.Breakpoints()
	threads := t.ThreadList()
	for _, bp := range bpmap.M {
		for i := range bp.Breaklets {
			if bp.Breaklets[i].Kind&steppingMask != 0 {
				bp.Breaklets[i] = nil
			}
		}
		cleared, err := t.finishClearBreakpoint(bp)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if cleared {
			for _, thread := range threads {
				if thread.Breakpoint().Breakpoint == bp {
					thread.Breakpoint().Clear()
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// finishClearBreakpoint clears nil breaklets from the breaklet list of bp
// and if it is empty erases the breakpoint.
// Returns true if the breakpoint was deleted
func (t *Target) finishClearBreakpoint(bp *Breakpoint) (bool, error) {
	oldBreaklets := bp.Breaklets
	bp.Breaklets = bp.Breaklets[:0]
	for _, breaklet := range oldBreaklets {
		if breaklet != nil {
			bp.Breaklets = append(bp.Breaklets, breaklet)
		}
	}
	if len(bp.Breaklets) > 0 {
		return false, nil
	}
	if err := t.proc.EraseBreakpoint(bp); err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	delete(t.Breakpoints().M, bp.Addr)
	return true, nil
}

// HasSteppingBreakpoints returns true if bpmap has at least one stepping
// breakpoint set.
func (bpmap *BreakpointMap) HasSteppingBreakpoints() bool {
	for _, bp := range bpmap.M {
		if bp.IsStepping() {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// HasHWBreakpoints returns true if there are hardware breakpoints.
func (bpmap *BreakpointMap) HasHWBreakpoints() bool {
	for _, bp := range bpmap.M {
		if bp.WatchType != 0 {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// BreakpointState describes the state of a breakpoint in a thread.
type BreakpointState struct {
	*Breakpoint
	// Active is true if the condition of any breaklet is met.
	Active bool
	// Stepping is true if one of the active breaklets is a stepping
	// breakpoint.
	Stepping bool
	// SteppingInto is true if one of the active stepping breaklets has Kind ==
	// StepBreakpoint.
	SteppingInto bool
	// CondError contains any error encountered while evaluating the
	// breakpoint's condition.
	CondError error
}

// Clear zeros the struct.
func (bpstate *BreakpointState) Clear() {
	bpstate.Breakpoint = nil
	bpstate.Active = false
	bpstate.Stepping = false
	bpstate.SteppingInto = false
	bpstate.CondError = nil
}

func (bpstate *BreakpointState) String() string {
	s := bpstate.Breakpoint.String()
	if bpstate.Active {
		s += " active"
	}
	if bpstate.Stepping {
		s += " stepping"
	}
	return s
}

func configureReturnBreakpoint(bi *BinaryInfo, bp *Breakpoint, topframe *Stackframe, retFrameCond ast.Expr) {
	if topframe.Current.Fn == nil {
		return
	}
	bp.returnInfo = &returnBreakpointInfo{
		retFrameCond: retFrameCond,
		fn:           topframe.Current.Fn,
		frameOffset:  topframe.FrameOffset(),
		spOffset:     topframe.FrameOffset() - int64(bi.Arch.PtrSize()), // must be the value that SP had at the entry point of the function
	}
}

func (rbpi *returnBreakpointInfo) Collect(t *Target, thread Thread) []*Variable {
	if rbpi == nil {
		return nil
	}

	g, err := GetG(thread)
	if err != nil {
		return returnInfoError("could not get g", err, thread.ProcessMemory())
	}
	scope, err := GoroutineScope(t, thread)
	if err != nil {
		return returnInfoError("could not get scope", err, thread.ProcessMemory())
	}
	v, err := scope.evalAST(rbpi.retFrameCond)
	if err != nil || v.Unreadable != nil || v.Kind != reflect.Bool {
		// This condition was evaluated as part of the breakpoint condition
		// evaluation, if the errors happen they will be reported as part of the
		// condition errors.
		return nil
	}
	if !constant.BoolVal(v.Value) {
		// Breakpoint not hit as a return breakpoint.
		return nil
	}

	oldFrameOffset := rbpi.frameOffset + int64(g.stack.hi)
	oldSP := uint64(rbpi.spOffset + int64(g.stack.hi))
	err = fakeFunctionEntryScope(scope, rbpi.fn, oldFrameOffset, oldSP)
	if err != nil {
		return returnInfoError("could not read function entry", err, thread.ProcessMemory())
	}

	vars, err := scope.Locals()
	if err != nil {
		return returnInfoError("could not evaluate return variables", err, thread.ProcessMemory())
	}
	vars = filterVariables(vars, func(v *Variable) bool {
		return (v.Flags & VariableReturnArgument) != 0
	})

	return vars
}

func returnInfoError(descr string, err error, mem MemoryReadWriter) []*Variable {
	v := newConstant(constant.MakeString(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", descr, err.Error())), mem)
	v.Name = "return value read error"
	return []*Variable{v}
}