delve/pkg/proc/amd64_arch.go

package proc

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strings"

	"github.com/go-delve/delve/pkg/dwarf/frame"
	"github.com/go-delve/delve/pkg/dwarf/op"
)

// AMD64 represents the AMD64 CPU architecture.
type AMD64 struct {
	gStructOffset uint64
	goos          string

	// crosscall2fn is the DIE of crosscall2, a function used by the go runtime
	// to call C functions. This function in go 1.9 (and previous versions) had
	// a bad frame descriptor which needs to be fixed to generate good stack
	// traces.
	crosscall2fn *Function

	// sigreturnfn is the DIE of runtime.sigreturn, the return trampoline for
	// the signal handler. See comment in FixFrameUnwindContext for a
	// description of why this is needed.
	sigreturnfn *Function
}

const (
	amd64DwarfIPRegNum uint64 = 16
	amd64DwarfSPRegNum uint64 = 7
	amd64DwarfBPRegNum uint64 = 6
)

var amd64BreakInstruction = []byte{0xCC}

// AMD64Arch returns an initialized AMD64
// struct.
func AMD64Arch(goos string) *AMD64 {
	return &AMD64{
		goos: goos,
	}
}

// PtrSize returns the size of a pointer
// on this architecture.
func (a *AMD64) PtrSize() int {
	return 8
}

// MaxInstructionLength returns the maximum lenght of an instruction.
func (a *AMD64) MaxInstructionLength() int {
	return 15
}

// BreakpointInstruction returns the Breakpoint
// instruction for this architecture.
func (a *AMD64) BreakpointInstruction() []byte {
	return amd64BreakInstruction
}

// BreakInstrMovesPC returns whether the
// breakpoint instruction will change the value
// of PC after being executed
func (a *AMD64) BreakInstrMovesPC() bool {
	return true
}

// BreakpointSize returns the size of the
// breakpoint instruction on this architecture.
func (a *AMD64) BreakpointSize() int {
	return len(amd64BreakInstruction)
}

// DerefTLS returns true if the value of regs.TLS()+GStructOffset() is a
// pointer to the G struct
func (a *AMD64) DerefTLS() bool {
	return a.goos == "windows"
}

// FixFrameUnwindContext adds default architecture rules to fctxt or returns
// the default frame unwind context if fctxt is nil.
func (a *AMD64) FixFrameUnwindContext(fctxt *frame.FrameContext, pc uint64, bi *BinaryInfo) *frame.FrameContext {
	if a.sigreturnfn == nil {
		a.sigreturnfn = bi.LookupFunc["runtime.sigreturn"]
	}

	if fctxt == nil || (a.sigreturnfn != nil && pc >= a.sigreturnfn.Entry && pc < a.sigreturnfn.End) {
		// When there's no frame descriptor entry use BP (the frame pointer) instead
		// - return register is [bp + a.PtrSize()] (i.e. [cfa-a.PtrSize()])
		// - cfa is bp + a.PtrSize()*2
		// - bp is [bp] (i.e. [cfa-a.PtrSize()*2])
		// - sp is cfa

		// When the signal handler runs it will move the execution to the signal
		// handling stack (installed using the sigaltstack system call).
		// This isn't a proper stack switch: the pointer to g in TLS will still
		// refer to whatever g was executing on that thread before the signal was
		// received.
		// Since go did not execute a stack switch the previous value of sp, pc
		// and bp is not saved inside g.sched, as it normally would.
		// The only way to recover is to either read sp/pc from the signal context
		// parameter (the ucontext_t* parameter) or to unconditionally follow the
		// frame pointer when we get to runtime.sigreturn (which is what we do
		// here).

		return &frame.FrameContext{
			RetAddrReg: amd64DwarfIPRegNum,
			Regs: map[uint64]frame.DWRule{
				amd64DwarfIPRegNum: frame.DWRule{
					Rule:   frame.RuleOffset,
					Offset: int64(-a.PtrSize()),
				},
				amd64DwarfBPRegNum: frame.DWRule{
					Rule:   frame.RuleOffset,
					Offset: int64(-2 * a.PtrSize()),
				},
				amd64DwarfSPRegNum: frame.DWRule{
					Rule:   frame.RuleValOffset,
					Offset: 0,
				},
			},
			CFA: frame.DWRule{
				Rule:   frame.RuleCFA,
				Reg:    amd64DwarfBPRegNum,
				Offset: int64(2 * a.PtrSize()),
			},
		}
	}

	if a.crosscall2fn == nil {
		a.crosscall2fn = bi.LookupFunc["crosscall2"]
	}

	if a.crosscall2fn != nil && pc >= a.crosscall2fn.Entry && pc < a.crosscall2fn.End {
		rule := fctxt.CFA
		if rule.Offset == crosscall2SPOffsetBad {
			switch a.goos {
			case "windows":
				rule.Offset += crosscall2SPOffsetWindows
			default:
				rule.Offset += crosscall2SPOffsetNonWindows
			}
		}
		fctxt.CFA = rule
	}

	// We assume that RBP is the frame pointer and we want to keep it updated,
	// so that we can use it to unwind the stack even when we encounter frames
	// without descriptor entries.
	// If there isn't a rule already we emit one.
	if fctxt.Regs[amd64DwarfBPRegNum].Rule == frame.RuleUndefined {
		fctxt.Regs[amd64DwarfBPRegNum] = frame.DWRule{
			Rule:   frame.RuleFramePointer,
			Reg:    amd64DwarfBPRegNum,
			Offset: 0,
		}
	}

	return fctxt
}

// cgocallSPOffsetSaveSlot is the offset from systemstack.SP where
// (goroutine.SP - StackHi) is saved in runtime.asmcgocall after the stack
// switch happens.
const amd64cgocallSPOffsetSaveSlot = 0x28

// SwitchStack will use the current frame to determine if it's time to
// switch between the system stack and the goroutine stack or vice versa.
// Sets it.atend when the top of the stack is reached.
func (a *AMD64) SwitchStack(it *stackIterator, _ *op.DwarfRegisters) bool {
	if it.frame.Current.Fn == nil {
		return false
	}
	switch it.frame.Current.Fn.Name {
	case "runtime.asmcgocall":
		if it.top || !it.systemstack {
			return false
		}

		// This function is called by a goroutine to execute a C function and
		// switches from the goroutine stack to the system stack.
		// Since we are unwinding the stack from callee to caller we have to switch
		// from the system stack to the goroutine stack.
		off, _ := readIntRaw(it.mem, uintptr(it.regs.SP()+amd64cgocallSPOffsetSaveSlot), int64(it.bi.Arch.PtrSize())) // reads "offset of SP from StackHi" from where runtime.asmcgocall saved it
		oldsp := it.regs.SP()
		it.regs.Reg(it.regs.SPRegNum).Uint64Val = uint64(int64(it.stackhi) - off)

		// runtime.asmcgocall can also be called from inside the system stack,
		// in that case no stack switch actually happens
		if it.regs.SP() == oldsp {
			return false
		}
		it.systemstack = false

		// advances to the next frame in the call stack
		it.frame.addrret = uint64(int64(it.regs.SP()) + int64(it.bi.Arch.PtrSize()))
		it.frame.Ret, _ = readUintRaw(it.mem, uintptr(it.frame.addrret), int64(it.bi.Arch.PtrSize()))
		it.pc = it.frame.Ret

		it.top = false
		return true

	case "runtime.cgocallback_gofunc":
		// For a detailed description of how this works read the long comment at
		// the start of $GOROOT/src/runtime/cgocall.go and the source code of
		// runtime.cgocallback_gofunc in $GOROOT/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s
		//
		// When a C functions calls back into go it will eventually call into
		// runtime.cgocallback_gofunc which is the function that does the stack
		// switch from the system stack back into the goroutine stack
		// Since we are going backwards on the stack here we see the transition
		// as goroutine stack -> system stack.

		if it.top || it.systemstack {
			return false
		}

		it.loadG0SchedSP()
		if it.g0_sched_sp <= 0 {
			return false
		}
		// entering the system stack
		it.regs.Reg(it.regs.SPRegNum).Uint64Val = it.g0_sched_sp
		// reads the previous value of g0.sched.sp that runtime.cgocallback_gofunc saved on the stack
		it.g0_sched_sp, _ = readUintRaw(it.mem, uintptr(it.regs.SP()), int64(it.bi.Arch.PtrSize()))
		it.top = false
		callFrameRegs, ret, retaddr := it.advanceRegs()
		frameOnSystemStack := it.newStackframe(ret, retaddr)
		it.pc = frameOnSystemStack.Ret
		it.regs = callFrameRegs
		it.systemstack = true
		return true

	case "runtime.goexit", "runtime.rt0_go", "runtime.mcall":
		// Look for "top of stack" functions.
		it.atend = true
		return true

	case "runtime.mstart":
		// Calls to runtime.systemstack will switch to the systemstack then:
		// 1. alter the goroutine stack so that it looks like systemstack_switch
		//    was called
		// 2. alter the system stack so that it looks like the bottom-most frame
		//    belongs to runtime.mstart
		// If we find a runtime.mstart frame on the system stack of a goroutine
		// parked on runtime.systemstack_switch we assume runtime.systemstack was
		// called and continue tracing from the parked position.

		if it.top || !it.systemstack || it.g == nil {
			return false
		}
		if fn := it.bi.PCToFunc(it.g.PC); fn == nil || fn.Name != "runtime.systemstack_switch" {
			return false
		}

		it.switchToGoroutineStack()
		return true

	default:
		if it.systemstack && it.top && it.g != nil && strings.HasPrefix(it.frame.Current.Fn.Name, "runtime.") && it.frame.Current.Fn.Name != "runtime.fatalthrow" {
			// The runtime switches to the system stack in multiple places.
			// This usually happens through a call to runtime.systemstack but there
			// are functions that switch to the system stack manually (for example
			// runtime.morestack).
			// Since we are only interested in printing the system stack for cgo
			// calls we switch directly to the goroutine stack if we detect that the
			// function at the top of the stack is a runtime function.
			//
			// The function "runtime.fatalthrow" is deliberately excluded from this
			// because it can end up in the stack during a cgo call and switching to
			// the goroutine stack will exclude all the C functions from the stack
			// trace.
			it.switchToGoroutineStack()
			return true
		}

		return false
	}
}

// RegSize returns the size (in bytes) of register regnum.
// The mapping between hardware registers and DWARF registers is specified
// in the System V ABI AMD64 Architecture Processor Supplement page 57,
// figure 3.36
// https://www.uclibc.org/docs/psABI-x86_64.pdf
func (a *AMD64) RegSize(regnum uint64) int {
	// XMM registers
	if regnum > amd64DwarfIPRegNum && regnum <= 32 {
		return 16
	}
	// x87 registers
	if regnum >= 33 && regnum <= 40 {
		return 10
	}
	return 8
}

// The mapping between hardware registers and DWARF registers is specified
// in the System V ABI AMD64 Architecture Processor Supplement page 57,
// figure 3.36
// https://www.uclibc.org/docs/psABI-x86_64.pdf

var amd64DwarfToName = map[int]string{
	0:  "Rax",
	1:  "Rdx",
	2:  "Rcx",
	3:  "Rbx",
	4:  "Rsi",
	5:  "Rdi",
	6:  "Rbp",
	7:  "Rsp",
	8:  "R8",
	9:  "R9",
	10: "R10",
	11: "R11",
	12: "R12",
	13: "R13",
	14: "R14",
	15: "R15",
	16: "Rip",
	17: "XMM0",
	18: "XMM1",
	19: "XMM2",
	20: "XMM3",
	21: "XMM4",
	22: "XMM5",
	23: "XMM6",
	24: "XMM7",
	25: "XMM8",
	26: "XMM9",
	27: "XMM10",
	28: "XMM11",
	29: "XMM12",
	30: "XMM13",
	31: "XMM14",
	32: "XMM15",
	33: "ST(0)",
	34: "ST(1)",
	35: "ST(2)",
	36: "ST(3)",
	37: "ST(4)",
	38: "ST(5)",
	39: "ST(6)",
	40: "ST(7)",
	49: "Rflags",
	50: "Es",
	51: "Cs",
	52: "Ss",
	53: "Ds",
	54: "Fs",
	55: "Gs",
	58: "Fs_base",
	59: "Gs_base",
	64: "MXCSR",
	65: "CW",
	66: "SW",
}

var amd64NameToDwarf = func() map[string]int {
	r := make(map[string]int)
	for regNum, regName := range amd64DwarfToName {
		r[strings.ToLower(regName)] = regNum
	}
	r["eflags"] = 49
	r["st0"] = 33
	r["st1"] = 34
	r["st2"] = 35
	r["st3"] = 36
	r["st4"] = 37
	r["st5"] = 38
	r["st6"] = 39
	r["st7"] = 40
	return r
}()

func maxAmd64DwarfRegister() int {
	max := int(amd64DwarfIPRegNum)
	for i := range amd64DwarfToName {
		if i > max {
			max = i
		}
	}
	return max
}

// RegistersToDwarfRegisters converts hardware registers to the format used
// by the DWARF expression interpreter.
func (a *AMD64) RegistersToDwarfRegisters(staticBase uint64, regs Registers) op.DwarfRegisters {
	dregs := make([]*op.DwarfRegister, maxAmd64DwarfRegister()+1)

	for _, reg := range regs.Slice(true) {
		if dwarfReg, ok := amd64NameToDwarf[strings.ToLower(reg.Name)]; ok {
			dregs[dwarfReg] = reg.Reg
		}
	}

	return op.DwarfRegisters{
		StaticBase: staticBase,
		Regs:       dregs,
		ByteOrder:  binary.LittleEndian,
		PCRegNum:   amd64DwarfIPRegNum,
		SPRegNum:   amd64DwarfSPRegNum,
		BPRegNum:   amd64DwarfBPRegNum,
	}
}

// AddrAndStackRegsToDwarfRegisters returns DWARF registers from the passed in
// PC, SP, and BP registers in the format used by the DWARF expression interpreter.
func (a *AMD64) AddrAndStackRegsToDwarfRegisters(staticBase, pc, sp, bp, lr uint64) op.DwarfRegisters {
	dregs := make([]*op.DwarfRegister, amd64DwarfIPRegNum+1)
	dregs[amd64DwarfIPRegNum] = op.DwarfRegisterFromUint64(pc)
	dregs[amd64DwarfSPRegNum] = op.DwarfRegisterFromUint64(sp)
	dregs[amd64DwarfBPRegNum] = op.DwarfRegisterFromUint64(bp)

	return op.DwarfRegisters{
		StaticBase: staticBase,
		Regs:       dregs,
		ByteOrder:  binary.LittleEndian,
		PCRegNum:   amd64DwarfIPRegNum,
		SPRegNum:   amd64DwarfSPRegNum,
		BPRegNum:   amd64DwarfBPRegNum,
	}
}

func (a *AMD64) DwarfRegisterToString(name string, reg *op.DwarfRegister) string {
	name = strings.ToLower(name)
	switch name {
	case "rflags":
		return eflagsDescription.Describe(reg.Uint64Val, 64)

	case "cw", "sw", "tw", "fop":
		return fmt.Sprintf("%#04x", reg.Uint64Val)

	case "mxcsr_mask":
		return fmt.Sprintf("%#08x", reg.Uint64Val)

	case "mxcsr":
		return mxcsrDescription.Describe(reg.Uint64Val, 32)

	default:
		if reg.Bytes != nil && strings.HasPrefix(name, "xmm") {
			return formatSSEReg(reg.Bytes)
		} else if reg.Bytes != nil && strings.HasPrefix(name, "st(") {
			return formatX87Reg(reg.Bytes)
		} else if reg.Bytes == nil || (reg.Bytes != nil && len(reg.Bytes) <= 8) {
			return fmt.Sprintf("%#016x", reg.Uint64Val)
		} else {
			return fmt.Sprintf("%#x", reg.Bytes)
		}
	}
}

func formatSSEReg(xmm []byte) string {
	buf := bytes.NewReader(xmm)

	var out bytes.Buffer
	var vi [16]uint8
	for i := range vi {
		binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &vi[i])
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "0x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x", vi[15], vi[14], vi[13], vi[12], vi[11], vi[10], vi[9], vi[8], vi[7], vi[6], vi[5], vi[4], vi[3], vi[2], vi[1], vi[0])

	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "\tv2_int={ %02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x %02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x }", vi[7], vi[6], vi[5], vi[4], vi[3], vi[2], vi[1], vi[0], vi[15], vi[14], vi[13], vi[12], vi[11], vi[10], vi[9], vi[8])

	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "\tv4_int={ %02x%02x%02x%02x %02x%02x%02x%02x %02x%02x%02x%02x %02x%02x%02x%02x }", vi[3], vi[2], vi[1], vi[0], vi[7], vi[6], vi[5], vi[4], vi[11], vi[10], vi[9], vi[8], vi[15], vi[14], vi[13], vi[12])

	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "\tv8_int={ %02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x }", vi[1], vi[0], vi[3], vi[2], vi[5], vi[4], vi[7], vi[6], vi[9], vi[8], vi[11], vi[10], vi[13], vi[12], vi[15], vi[14])

	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "\tv16_int={ %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x }", vi[0], vi[1], vi[2], vi[3], vi[4], vi[5], vi[6], vi[7], vi[8], vi[9], vi[10], vi[11], vi[12], vi[13], vi[14], vi[15])

	buf.Seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
	var v2 [2]float64
	for i := range v2 {
		binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &v2[i])
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "\tv2_float={ %g %g }", v2[0], v2[1])

	buf.Seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
	var v4 [4]float32
	for i := range v4 {
		binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &v4[i])
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(&out, "\tv4_float={ %g %g %g %g }", v4[0], v4[1], v4[2], v4[3])

	return out.String()
}

func formatX87Reg(b []byte) string {
	if len(b) < 10 {
		return fmt.Sprintf("%#x", b)
	}
	mantissa := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b[:8])
	exponent := uint16(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(b[8:]))

	var f float64
	fset := false

	const (
		_SIGNBIT    = 1 << 15
		_EXP_BIAS   = (1 << 14) - 1 // 2^(n-1) - 1 = 16383
		_SPECIALEXP = (1 << 15) - 1 // all bits set
		_HIGHBIT    = 1 << 63
		_QUIETBIT   = 1 << 62
	)

	sign := 1.0
	if exponent&_SIGNBIT != 0 {
		sign = -1.0
	}
	exponent &= ^uint16(_SIGNBIT)

	NaN := math.NaN()
	Inf := math.Inf(+1)

	switch exponent {
	case 0:
		switch {
		case mantissa == 0:
			f = sign * 0.0
			fset = true
		case mantissa&_HIGHBIT != 0:
			f = NaN
			fset = true
		}
	case _SPECIALEXP:
		switch {
		case mantissa&_HIGHBIT == 0:
			f = sign * Inf
			fset = true
		default:
			f = NaN // signaling NaN
			fset = true
		}
	default:
		if mantissa&_HIGHBIT == 0 {
			f = NaN
			fset = true
		}
	}

	if !fset {
		significand := float64(mantissa) / (1 << 63)
		f = sign * math.Ldexp(significand, int(exponent-_EXP_BIAS))
	}

	var buf bytes.Buffer
	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, exponent)
	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, mantissa)

	return fmt.Sprintf("%#04x%016x\t%g", exponent, mantissa, f)
}